What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis in a condition in which tissue normally found in the lining of the uterus begins to grow in other areas of a woman’s abdomen. It is normal tissue, not a cancer, but it can still cause great discomfort and other medical problems. Endometriosis is very common, affecting about one in ten women.

The misplaced endometrial tissue can become attached to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outside surface of the uterus, the bladder, bowel, or other places in the pelvis.

What problems does endometriosis cause?

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The shingles vaccine has been well-accepted by older adults—most likely because so many people are familiar with the misery that the itching, burning rash causes. Now there is a new vaccine against shingles, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is recommending it for most healthy adults over age 50.  As Ob/Gyns we also focus on women’s preventive health. We welcome your questions about this and other preventive health issues. Here is a list of common FAQs about protecting yourself against shingles.

What is Shingles (herpes zoster)?

Shingles is a painful rash that most often appears on one side of the face or body. It is caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox (varicella zoster). Only people who have had chicken pox can develop shingles, but that is 99% of the population.  You have probably had chicken pox whether you remember it or not. The chicken pox virus remains inactive in the body. Sometime later, it can re-activate to cause shingles.

Besides being very painful, shingles can cause some serious complications. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). People with PHN will have severe pain in the area of the shingles outbreak that lasts for weeks, or even months or years, after the rash has disappeared. About 10 to 13% of people who have shingles will develop PHN. Read more

You’ve decided you’re ready to start a family. In fact, you’ve decided that the next few months would be “ideal” to begin a pregnancy. But a month goes by, and then another, and no little + sign appears on the magic stick. You’re not exactly worried, nor should you be. Statistics say that around 20% of couples who will eventually have a spontaneous pregnancy do not conceive during the first six months that they attempt getting pregnant.  Obstetricians define infertility as the inability to achieve a successful pregnancy after twelve months of regular, unprotected intercourse. So, during this time we usually reassure young couples that most likely everything is normal. For older couples (beyond about 35) we may suggest some testing after about 6 months.

Still, you are just a little disappointed. Now and then, one of my patients in this situation will ask what she can do to “increase the chances” of becoming pregnant. It’s a good question. I am delighted to help you sort through the facts and myths that you’ve found on the Internet. Read more

In 1978 I had just completed medical school and moved from Birmingham to Washington DC to begin my OB/GYN residency training. Within a few weeks, I felt fairly confident on labor and delivery. I had already accomplished several dozen deliveries as a medical student. But my training program required each OB resident to spend a month in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. We were expected to learn basic newborn emergency care to support an infant in the delivery room until a pediatrician arrived. The NICU is an overwhelming place, certainly for parents, and even for a young doctor. Back then one room—not nearly large enough—housed warming tables, mechanical ventilators, beeping monitors, and what seemed like miles of plastic tubing. On my first day in that place, it also held a dozen or more little lives. Read more

We proudly share this announcement and congratulate Dr. Sparks:

“The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) is pleased to announce that Dr. Jimmy M. Sparks has successfully met the criteria and has passed the examination necessary to become a NAMS Certified Menopause Practitioner (NCMP). Founded in 1989, NAMS is North America’s leading nonprofit organization dedicated to improving health and quality of life through an understanding of menopause.Those who hold the NCMP certification have demonstrated special interest and competency in the field of menopause. We congratulate Dr. Sparks on achieving this important certification.”

Dr. Sparks has long maintained an active interest in the special issues affecting women during the menopausal transition, including perimenopause, premature menopause, menopause symptoms, and hormone replacement therapy. The topic has created much controversy in in recent years, but scientific research continues to provide new perspectives. Dr. Sparks’ achievement of the NCMP certification signals his commitment to up-to-date scientific knowledge and clinical practice in these areas.

Dr. Sparks encourages women to make their own health and well-being a priority during the menopause transition and, especially, to seek high-quality information. He reminds patients that, on average, the years after menopause occupy about a third of a woman’s life. Although each woman’s experience is unique, the mid-life years should be comfortable and enjoyable ones. He welcomes the opportunity to discuss bothersome symptoms and offer a choice of low-risk options for improving your quality of life.

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month! Although most breast and ovarian cancers are sporadic—meaning they do not appear to be hereditary—women who carry genes known as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have a much greater risk of developing these cancers. At your annual well-woman exam, your physician will review the family history you provide. Your “new patient” or “return visit” forms ask you to provide or update your family . We offer genetic testing when appropriate based on your risk factors.

Should I be tested for the cancer genes? Read more

From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

“Influenza is more likely to cause severe illness in pregnant women than in women who are not pregnant. Changes in the immune system, heart, and lungs during pregnancy make pregnant women more prone to severe illness from influenza as well as hospitalizations and even death. Pregnant women with influenza also have a greater chance for serious problems for their unborn babies, including premature labor and delivery. Read more

In the early 1990s, 40% of American women who had reached menopause used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to treat disagreeable symptoms like hot flashes, sleep problems, and discomfort during intercourse. At one time, Premarin® (brand name for oral estrogen) was the most commonly prescribed drug in the U.S.

In 1993 the U.S. government invested over $600 million to study whether hormone replacement protected women from heart disease. That study, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), changed women’s lives for sure. But was this a change for the better? Read more

Episiotomy—the small surgical incision made to enlarge the vaginal opening shortly before a baby is delivered—was not a commonly accepted birth procedure until the twentieth century.  But by mid-century, over half of vaginal deliveries included an episiotomy. The idea was that making a small incision would reduce the risk of a large spontaneous tear in the tissues surrounding the vagina (the perineum), as the infant’s head delivered.

As physicians, we want to offer our patients only medical interventions that—based on solid evidence—actually benefit them. By the 1980s, we began to realize that the medical benefits of routine episiotomy were uncertain.  According to recent data, less than 12% of women delivering vaginally now have an episiotomy. We do not consider episiotomy a routine part of childbirth. Read more

Research tells us that Americans fear cancer more than any other health event, even though heart disease is the leading cause of death. Much of this fear comes from the belief that cancer or cancer death is just a matter of random chance, something we are powerless to prevent. But let’s look at the actual facts about gynecologic cancers.

We refer to any cancer that begins in a woman’s reproductive organs as a gynecologic cancer. About 100,000 women are newly diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer each year, and these cancers cause nearly 40,000 deaths annually.  A woman’s risk for gynecologic cancer increases with age. As we see you each year for your well-woman visit, we want to help you understand what you can do to prevent these cancers or discover them early. Read more